Showing posts with label Dissertations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Dissertations. Show all posts

Saturday, September 21, 2013

How to Write a Dissertation Summary

Imagine summing up all your life's work and experience in a single paper. This is the work that goes into writing a dissertation. These papers are the culmination of years of study, research and experience, and nearly every higher-education program requires some form of a dissertation before bestowing a degree. Dissertations generally begin with abstracts, or summaries that preview the information from the main paper. Composing an accurate and interesting summary can make the difference between a fascinated reader and just another bored professor.

Suggestions

  1. Compose most, if not all, of your dissertation before you begin the summary. Review the dissertation with the intention of writing an abstract. This will help you pick out the most vital and interesting parts that will grab your reader's interest.
  2. Pre-write the abstract, focusing on listing your thesis topic or purpose, your research methods and the general results and conclusions you drew from the research discussed in your dissertation. This early stage can simply be notes that you take as you read your dissertation, or can consist of full sentences or paragraphs that you can use in your introduction.
  3. Avoid using direct references to your research in the introduction. While you are required to use such references in the rest of the paper, the abstract should only be used to state your ideas and conclusions. Using references will make the abstract too long, and the reader may get lost in too much information up front.
  4. Revise your prewriting. Put all the information into grammatically correct sentences with proper spelling.
  5. Re-read your abstract and make any further adjustments. Check that the organization is logical. In general, the information in the summary should follow the path of the research, starting with the thesis and ending with the conclusions.
  6. Ask a friend, professor or someone familiar with your research to read your summary. A new set of eyes may be able to catch spelling and grammar mistakes or organizational errors that could ruin your abstract.

Tips

  • In general, an abstract summary is less than 10 percent as long as your full dissertation. While longer papers may have a one- to two-page abstract, most summaries are only a paragraph or so.
  • A summary should never provide any new information; it simply summarizes the work from your dissertation.
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How to Write a Dissertation

It's the longest, most complex and probably the most important paper you've written since you first went to kindergarten. Now you are in sight of those wonderful three letters: Ph.D. All that's left is to write a dissertation.

Suggestions

  1. Work with your advisor. Decide before you start how often they want to read your drafts, have meetings and critique your progress. Don't be shy about asking for the kind of feedback you want, whether you want frequent sessions or to be left alone.
  2. Use your committee. While some students may not have any contact with them after the proposal defense until the final presentation, it's often helpful to engage them in your progress as you write your dissertation. They may even have suggestions if you hit a roadblock in your writing or research.
  3. Understand that a dissertation is designed to support a theory or hypothesis. And the doctoral committee will be looking for your paper to be both original and substantive. The key is critical thinking, not data from experiments, so while facts are important, it is more crucial to show how you use those facts to support your thesis.
  4. Write your dissertation well. Just because a paper is supposed to be long doesn't give you the excuse to ramble. Your grammar must be perfect, your sentences well constructed and terminology clear. And the whole paper needs to be logical.
  5. Be flexible. You wouldn't be the first student to change dissertation topics after you've begun. Keep your advisor and the committee informed, but know that most people don't stick exactly to the schedule they've submitted. You may be able to drop certain portions of your original plan, add others and write a better dissertation because of it.
  6. Plan your time. Set a schedule and stick to it. You know if you work best in the morning or pulling an all-nighter. Block out whatever time you have and need to work on your dissertation. Set goals such as writing X number of pages or working for a set period of time. Say no to others when they threaten to take you away from your work. Also, find a place where you can do your best work. Home may be too distracting, but you may find it more relaxing than the library.
  7. Take care of yourself. A dissertation is a huge undertaking, and while it's easy to let it slide because of other pressing issues in your life, don't burn yourself out trying to do it all at once. Sleep, relaxation and a life are just as important as your Ph.D.
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How to Write a Dissertation Proposal

A dissertation proposal is your doorway to the writing stage of your PhD degree and your career of scholarship and teaching. Keep that in mind when the small document takes much more time than it seems like it should. Many PhD students find the dissertation proposal to be a demoralizing process as their proposal gets bounced back time and time again. Here is how to reduce the number of times it gets bounced back, and to ensure your dissertation proposal sets your dissertation up for success.

Suggestions

  1. Narrow down your topic area ~
    Some programs include this as part of the process to earn a degree. If so, you may have done this already at the topic proposal stage. However, if not, it is a helpful step. Zero in on a subcategory of your field, a particular zone of study, or a driving concern for your work. Make it narrow enough that you can limit your research, well known enough that it is significant to the field and worthy of work. In the humanities, it is often wise to choose one particular figure. For example, linguistics is too broad. Paul Ricoeur's depth semantics is better.

  2. Press yourself for conceptual clarity on your thesis ~

    The most difficult part of writing a dissertation proposal is clarity in the thesis presented. If you are not yet able to communicate what you want to write about to people who are not in your field without getting glazed eyes, it still needs work. Have conversations with your advisor, fellow PhD candidates, and friends about it. Try writing out ten different versions of a thesis sentence. Only when this is clear will the rest come together.

  3. Find your program's dissertation proposal guidelines ~

    Most schools have a structured set of guidelines they want you to follow. Often this will structure your proposal for you once you have your thesis clearly stated. If not, schedule time with your advisor to sketch an outline of what should be included in a proposal to make it pass. Just like any time you have tried to earn a degree, the people with the power determine the form of the assignment.

  4. Put words on a page as soon as possible ~

    Do not delay starting your dissertation proposal. Nothing could be deadlier for creativity. There is an amazing magic that occurs when a sentence or two, no matter how wooden, are strung together on a page. They start to have a life of their own, calling out another question that needs answered, leading to another footnote and a parenthetical remark. Just start writing. You can edit, delete, and refine later.Focus, focus, focus your thought

  5. The constant temptation will be to make the dissertation too sweeping, too large, too all-encompassing, so that it feels 'complete.' Consider your dissertation the start of a life long project. It is the first step in an entire body of possible work. So, instead, focus your proposal with the greatest discipline on one feature of your key idea so that it will be manageable. Your goal is to earn a degree and get a job, not re-write your field. Save that for book two.

 


Tips

  • Often in dissertation proposals the idea can be presented clearly and in a focused way in the running text. You can highlight the more subtle points and show your full grasp of the material and issues in the footnotes.
  • The key to avoiding proposal procrastination is to write something every day.
  • Start your dissertation research while you are waiting for response for your advisor. What you research may give you exactly what you need to fix any concerns.

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How to Write a Dissertation Topic

A dissertation is the culmination of many years of hard work and scholarship. For those in PhD programs, the dissertation marks the point at which individuals begin to establish themselves in a given field and search for jobs that coincide with certain interests. A good dissertation should reflect the interests of the one who writes it, contain culturally relevant information, be practical and contain original thoughts.

Suggestions

  1. Choose a dissertation topic that coincides with your interests, career field, previous academic projects, academic adviser's advice and range of ability. Your topic should be practical and thought provoking, and it should contribute something new to a certain field.
  2. Narrow your topic to determine the specific area that you want to explore with your research. For example, if you know you want to study contemporary poetics of folk music, then you will need to narrow your approach and research. You can narrow this topic by studying the contemporary poetics of Bob Dylan's "Blonde on Blonde" as an expression of lyrical Surrealism. This type of specific topic will allow you to streamline your research and go more in depth.
  3. Organize a schedule for research and writing, in which you outline the deadlines for various tasks. This will help you stay on track. Because some people complete dissertations in 10 years while working full time and others do it in 1 year with intense focus, the time line for each person will vary. You should set your goals and time line with your personal schedule and completion date in mind.
  4. Begin research on your own, but maintain structured relationships with your adviser. You can maintain structure with your adviser by arranging monthly meetings to ensure that you stay in touch and on track.
  5. Seek external help with funding and morale. Many universities offer special stipends and financial resources for dissertation students, and you should not hesitate to contact Graduate Student Services in your school to ask what kind of help they can offer. Grants can also be a good source of income. In addition, friends, peers and recreational programs at school and in the community can help you relax and restore your energy. Dissertations can be exhausting and discouraging, but these outlets will keep you sane.
  6. Begin to write your dissertation in a controlled environment in which you can be productive. Once the researching ends, you will have a great deal of text to write, and so you should be sure to work in a place and time in which you feel comfortable and constructive.
  7. Break your dissertation down into manageable chunks. You may feel overwhelmed with 50 pages to write, but you can always break the paper down into smaller components. For example, you can write about five or six subcategories and then, you can tie them together with transitions at a later time.
  8. Take a step back from your dissertation, once you feel that it is complete. You should take time away from it and then return to proofread it. This will help give you some perspective.
  9. Consult peers, former professors and advisers, once you are finished writing the dissertation. They can help critique your work and give you feedback.


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